Lidsk\u00e9 chodidlo pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed struktury pohybov\u00e9ho apar\u00e1tu. P\u0159esto\u017ee je \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1no pouze jako opora p\u0159i ch\u016fzi, ve skute\u010dnosti pln\u00ed \u0159adu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch biomechanick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed. Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na stabilit\u011b, tlumen\u00ed n\u00e1raz\u016f i efektivn\u00edm p\u0159enosu sil p\u0159i pohybu. Modern\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy v oblasti biomechaniky a fyzioterapie z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee zp\u016fsob zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed chodidla m\u016f\u017ee ovliv\u0148ovat nejen samotnou ch\u016fzi, ale i dr\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla a funkci dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pohybov\u00e9ho apar\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z poznatk\u016f o anatomii a funkci chodidla vych\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 koncept takzvan\u00e9 barefoot obuvi<\/u><\/a>. Barefoot boty jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby konstruk\u010dn\u011b co nejm\u00e9n\u011b omezovaly p\u0159irozen\u00fd pohyb chodidla a umo\u017enily jeho aktivn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed p\u0159i ch\u016fzi. Inspirac\u00ed je p\u0159itom p\u0159irozen\u00fd pohyb \u010dlov\u011bka naboso, kdy chodidlo pracuje bez omezen\u00ed dan\u00fdch pevnou obuv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lidsk\u00e9 chodidlo je tvo\u0159eno slo\u017eitou soustavou kost\u00ed, kloub\u016f, vaz\u016f a sval\u016f. Obsahuje 26 kost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dtvrtinu v\u0161ech kost\u00ed v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble. Tyto kosti jsou propojeny 33 klouby a stabilizov\u00e1ny v\u00edce ne\u017e stovkou vaz\u016f, \u0161lach a sval\u016f. Z anatomick\u00e9ho hlediska se chodidlo d\u011bl\u00ed na t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti: z\u00e1n\u00e1rt\u00ed (tarsus), n\u00e1rt (metatarsus) a prsty (phalanges). Kosti z\u00e1n\u00e1rt\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st chodidla a zahrnuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad patn\u00ed kost (calcaneus) a kost hlezenn\u00ed (talus), kter\u00e1 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed hmotnost t\u011bla z doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny na chodidlo. Metatarz\u00e1ln\u00ed kosti vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st chodidla a prsty se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na stabilit\u011b i aktivn\u00edm odrazu p\u0159i ch\u016fzi. Tato komplexn\u00ed struktura umo\u017e\u0148uje chodidlu p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat se r\u016fzn\u00fdm povrch\u016fm a z\u00e1rove\u0148 efektivn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i pohybu, co\u017e je dob\u0159e patrn\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i ch\u016fzi naboso na nerovn\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prvk\u016f anatomie chodidla jsou jeho klenby, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako p\u0159irozen\u00fd tlumic\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed rozkl\u00e1dat zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a sni\u017eovat n\u00e1razov\u00e9 s\u00edly vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i ch\u016fzi nebo b\u011bhu. Chodidlo m\u00e1 t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed klenby: pod\u00e9lnou vnit\u0159n\u00ed, pod\u00e9lnou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dnou. Pod\u00e9ln\u00e1 klenba prob\u00edh\u00e1 od paty k p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti chodidla a zaji\u0161\u0165uje pru\u017enost p\u0159i do\u0161lapu. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e1 klenba se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v oblasti n\u00e1rtu a umo\u017e\u0148uje chodidlu l\u00e9pe se p\u0159izp\u016fsobit r\u016fzn\u00fdm typ\u016fm povrchu. P\u0159i p\u0159irozen\u00e9 ch\u016fzi doch\u00e1z\u00ed k postupn\u00e9mu p\u0159enosu hmotnosti od paty p\u0159es st\u0159ed chodidla a\u017e k prst\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se aktivn\u011b zapojuj\u00ed do odrazu. Tento mechanismus lze dob\u0159e pozorovat pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159i ch\u016fzi naboso nebo v minimalistick\u00e9 obuvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed chodidla jsou tak\u00e9 takzvan\u00e9 intrinzick\u00e9 svaly, tedy drobn\u00e9 svaly ulo\u017een\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo v chodidle. Ty hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i stabilizaci klenby, udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy i kontrole pohybu prst\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159i ch\u016fzi naboso nebo v minimalistick\u00e9 obuvi, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad barefoot boty, m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed aktivit\u011b t\u011bchto sval\u016f. M\u00edra jejich zapojen\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm jedinci, zp\u016fsobu ch\u016fze i d\u00e9lce adaptace na dan\u00fd typ obuvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Modern\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 obuv je navr\u017eena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s ohledem na komfort, ochranu a stabilitu. \u010casto obsahuje prvky, jako je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 pata, pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podr\u00e1\u017eka nebo u\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dka. Tyto konstruk\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti mohou ovliv\u0148ovat zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm chodidlo pracuje. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 pata, ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako heel drop, m\u011bn\u00ed \u00fahel postaven\u00ed chodidla v\u016f\u010di doln\u00ed kon\u010detin\u011b a m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit rozlo\u017een\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i ch\u016fzi. Tuh\u00e1 podr\u00e1\u017eka omezuje p\u0159irozenou flexibilitu chodidla a sni\u017euje jeho schopnost p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se ter\u00e9nu. U\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dka boty m\u016f\u017ee omezovat p\u0159irozen\u00e9 rozta\u017een\u00ed prst\u016f p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Barefoot boty vznikly jako snaha navrhovat obuv s ohledem na p\u0159irozenou anatomii chodidla. Typick\u00fdm znakem je \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dka, kter\u00e1 poskytuje dostatek prostoru pro p\u0159irozen\u00e9 rozta\u017een\u00ed prst\u016f. D\u00e1le se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edm rozd\u00edlem mezi patou a \u0161pi\u010dkou, tedy takzvan\u00fdm nulov\u00fdm dropem, kter\u00fd podporuje p\u0159irozen\u00e9 postaven\u00ed chodidla. Tenk\u00e1 a flexibiln\u00ed podr\u00e1\u017eka umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozsah pohybu chodidla a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce informac\u00ed o povrchu. N\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost obuvi pak p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k tomu, \u017ee neomezuje p\u0159irozen\u00fd pohyb. Tyto principy se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy obuvi, od m\u011bstsk\u00fdch model\u016f, jako jsou barefoot tenisky<\/u><\/a>, p\u0159es letn\u00ed barefoot sand\u00e1ly<\/u><\/a> a\u017e po specializovanou outdoorovou obuv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0159echod z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 obuvi na barefoot boty by m\u011bl prob\u00edhat postupn\u011b. Chodidlo, kter\u00e9 je dlouhodob\u011b zvykl\u00e9 na podporu pevn\u00e9 obuvi, pot\u0159ebuje \u010das, aby se p\u0159izp\u016fsobilo zm\u011bn\u011b zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci proto doporu\u010duj\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednat krat\u0161\u00edmi intervaly no\u0161en\u00ed a postupn\u011b dobu prodlu\u017eovat. D\u00edky tomu maj\u00ed svaly, \u0161lachy i vazy prostor adaptovat se na odli\u0161n\u00fd zp\u016fsob zapojen\u00ed p\u0159i ch\u016fzi, kter\u00fd se v\u00edce bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed pohybu naboso<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Koncept barefoot obuvi vych\u00e1z\u00ed z my\u0161lenky, \u017ee obuv by m\u011bla co nejv\u00edce respektovat p\u0159irozenou funkci chodidla. Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem nen\u00ed chodidlo v\u00fdrazn\u011b korigovat, ale umo\u017enit jeho aktivn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed p\u0159i pohybu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Lidsk\u00e9 chodidlo pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed struktury pohybov\u00e9ho apar\u00e1tu. P\u0159esto\u017ee je \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1no pouze jako opora p\u0159i ch\u016fzi, ve skute\u010dnosti pln\u00ed \u0159adu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch biomechanick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed. Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na stabilit\u011b, tlumen\u00ed n\u00e1raz\u016f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rady-a-navody"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5319"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5320,"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5319\/revisions\/5320"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ireporteri.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}<\/a> Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed anatomie lidsk\u00e9ho chodidla<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/a> Klenby chodidla a jejich biomechanick\u00e1 role<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/a> Svaly chodidla a stabilita<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/a> Jak b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 obuv ovliv\u0148uje biomechaniku chodidla<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/a> Principy barefoot obuvi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/a> Adaptace chodidla na barefoot obuv<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n